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๐Ÿ” The Holy Grail of Crypto Privacy

Rand Hindi, Zama Co-Founder | EFL Study Guide (Part 1/3)

Part 1: Introduction (0:00 - 10:00)

Rand[0:00]

"It'll feel just like using Ethereum, right? For developers, it'll feel like just like building for Ethereum."

๐Ÿ“ "์ด๋”๋ฆฌ์›€์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋А๊ปด์งˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด๋”๋ฆฌ์›€์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ๋А๊ปด์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

๐Ÿ“– "It'll feel just like + V-ing"
~์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋А๊ปด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ. feel like = ~์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋А๋ผ๋‹ค
Rand[0:03]

"Everything is in Solidity and you're pushing your contract to Ethereum. For users, everything's going to feel like Ethereum. You're using a wallet to make a transaction to Ethereum."

๐Ÿ“ "๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์†”๋ฆฌ๋””ํ‹ฐ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ปจํŠธ๋ž™ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด๋”๋ฆฌ์›€์— ํ‘ธ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด๋”๋ฆฌ์›€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋А๊ปด์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ฐ‘์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋”๋ฆฌ์›€์— ํŠธ๋žœ์žญ์…˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ."

๐Ÿ“– "Everything is going to feel like..."
be going to + ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜•: ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก. push = (์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ) ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๋‹ค
Rand[0:19]

"And that's really how we thought about this, right? We don't want people to use something else. We want people to use Ethereum confidentially."

๐Ÿ“ "๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์—์š”. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋”๋ฆฌ์›€์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธธ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

๐Ÿ“– "That's how we thought about this"
That's how/what/why...: ์„ค๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ์ •๋‹นํ™”์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ. confidentially = ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ
Ryan[0:24]

"Rand, I think everyone listening to Bankless knows that crypto has a privacy problem. We want privacy. We don't have it yet."

๐Ÿ“ "Rand, Bankless๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”ํ์— ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง ์—†์ฃ ."

๐Ÿ“– "I think everyone... knows that..."
that์ ˆ: know์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ. privacy problem = ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ ๋ฌธ์ œ
Ryan[0:24]

"Here's how you put it in a recent tweet. You said, go to anyone on the street and ask them to show you their bank account. That's blockchain today. It's obvious we need confidentiality."

๐Ÿ“ "์ตœ๊ทผ ํŠธ์œ—์—์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์…จ์ฃ . ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์•„๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋ถ™์žก๊ณ  ์€ํ–‰ ๊ณ„์ขŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ ์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€์„ฑ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

๐Ÿ“– "Here's how you put it"
Here's how/what...: ์ธ์šฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช… ๋„์ž…. put it = ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋‹ค. It's obvious (that) = ~์€ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๋‹ค
Rand[0:47]

"Well, I think if you look at the history of blockchain, maybe the first thing we have to understand is why is data public in the first place?"

๐Ÿ“ "๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์•„๋งˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ € ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™œ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋А๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

๐Ÿ“– "in the first place"
in the first place = ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์• ์ดˆ์—. ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ. the first thing = ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ
Rand[0:47]

"The reason why data is public on a public blockchain is because you want public verifiability. If you want anybody to be able to recompute the states, they need to be able to use and see the data that was part of computing that state."

๐Ÿ“ "ํผ๋ธ”๋ฆญ ๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์—์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

๐Ÿ“– "The reason why... is because..."
์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์„ค๋ช…. ๊ฒฉ์‹์ฒด์—์„œ๋Š” "The reason is that..."์ด ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•จ. verifiability = ๊ฒ€์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ recompute = ์žฌ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋‹ค
Rand[0:47]

"And so there was really no other way if you wanted decentralization and public verifiability, but to make the data public."

๐Ÿ“ "๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํƒˆ์ค‘์•™ํ™”์™€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

๐Ÿ“– "there was no other way but to..."
no other way but to + ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜• = ~ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†๋‹ค. decentralization = ํƒˆ์ค‘์•™ํ™”
Rand[0:47]

"This was never a feature of blockchain, right? It was kind of like an artifact of not having homomorphic encryption in these techniques 15 years ago."

๐Ÿ“ "์ด๊ฑด ๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. 15๋…„ ์ „์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋™ํ˜•์•”ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜€์ฃ ."

๐Ÿ“– "an artifact of..."
artifact = ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ (์˜๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ). ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ. homomorphic encryption = ๋™ํ˜•์•”ํ˜ธ
Rand[0:47]

"But what you really want is public verifiability. And I think there are many, many attempts to doing that."

๐Ÿ“ "ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋ง ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

๐Ÿ“– "What you really want is..."
What์ ˆ ์ฃผ์–ด: ๊ฐ•์กฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ. "๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ •๋ง ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€..."

Part 2: Privacy Evolution (1:30 - 6:00)

Rand[1:44]

"So Zcash used zero-knowledge proofs as a way to effectively prove that you had the tokens that you wanted to transfer, right? And so in this case, what you would publicly verify was the proof. You didn't need the data."

๐Ÿ“ "Zcash๋Š” ์˜์ง€์‹ ์ฆ๋ช…์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ „์†กํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ํ† ํฐ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์ฃ . ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฆ๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š” ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ ."

๐Ÿ“– "as a way to..."
as a way to + ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜• = ~ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ. zero-knowledge proofs = ์˜์ง€์‹ ์ฆ๋ช… transfer = ์ „์†กํ•˜๋‹ค
Rand[2:05]

"But the problem is that you didn't have composability on this proof. So you were stuck with basically just doing confidential transfers."

๐Ÿ“ "ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ด ์ฆ๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€ ์ „์†ก๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ ."

๐Ÿ“– "you were stuck with..."
be stuck with = ~์— ๊ฐ‡ํžˆ๋‹ค, ~๋งŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค. composability = ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ฑ
Rand[2:05]

"And I think this is why a lot of other people started looking at other techniques like FHE, like multi-party computation, like TEEs, to try and create this shared private state that you could build DeFi on."

๐Ÿ“ "๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด FHE, ๋‹ค์ž๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ, TEE ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”. DeFi๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต์œ ๋œ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ ์š”."

๐Ÿ“– "This is why..."
This is why... = ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ~์ธ ์ด์œ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ. multi-party computation = ๋‹ค์ž๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ TEE = ์‹ ๋ขฐ์‹คํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ
Ryan[2:26]

"For the non-cryptographers, Rand just mentioned TEEs and multi-party computation, all of that. Don't worry, we will define those things."

๐Ÿ“ "์•”ํ˜ธํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด, Rand๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ TEE์™€ ๋‹ค์ž๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋“ฑ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ๊ฑฑ์ • ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”, ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ •์˜ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

๐Ÿ“– "For the non-..."
For the non-X = X๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด. ์ฒญ์ค‘ ๋ฐฐ๋ ค ํ‘œํ˜„. non-cryptographers = ๋น„์•”ํ˜ธํ•™์ž๋“ค
Ryan[2:26]

"So I think you're saying, Rand, that the reason we had public blockchains in the first place and they were constructed as such is because we were tech limited. We didn't have the cryptography at the time."

๐Ÿ“ "Rand, ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ํผ๋ธ”๋ฆญ ๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์”€์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ์•”ํ˜ธํ•™์ด ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ ."

๐Ÿ“– "I think you're saying that..."
์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋ง์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ. as such = ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ. tech limited = ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋œ
Ryan[2:26]

"I mean, there are a couple of other explanations I can think of. Certainly, Tech Limited is one of them. There's also maybe demand. Maybe there's just not demand for privacy and confidentiality."

๐Ÿ“ "์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ค๋ช…์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ œํ•œ์ด ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ฃ . ์ˆ˜์š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ ."

๐Ÿ“– "a couple of other explanations I can think of"
๊ด€๊ณ„์ ˆ ์ถ•์•ฝ: "that I can think of"์—์„œ that ์ƒ๋žต. demand = ์ˆ˜์š”
Ryan[2:26]

"A third possibility is the regulators wouldn't let us. This is kind of a historical counterfactual I've often thought of, which is the basic idea that if Bitcoin launched in a private way, governments would have strangled it in the crib."

๐Ÿ“ "์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๊ทœ์ œ ๋‹น๊ตญ์ด ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ๋ฐ, ๋น„ํŠธ์ฝ”์ธ์ด ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น—ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถœ์‹œ๋๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์š”๋žŒ์—์„œ ๋ชฉ์„ ์กธ๋ž์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ."

๐Ÿ“– "strangle it in the crib"
๊ด€์šฉ์–ด: ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ฃฝ์ด๋‹ค/๋ง‰๋‹ค. crib = ์š”๋žŒ. counterfactual = ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ๊ฐ€์ • regulators = ๊ทœ์ œ ๋‹น๊ตญ
Rand[3:36]

"You know, I think that's a very interesting question. I've been in privacy for a very long time, actually. You know, my previous company was already working on privacy for AI."

๐Ÿ“ "์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋„ค์š”. ์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ์ด์ „ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ AI ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”."

๐Ÿ“– "I've been in X for a very long time"
ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•: ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋œ ์ƒํƒœ. be in + ๋ถ„์•ผ = ~๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค
Rand[3:36]

"And nobody really cares about privacy because most of your life isn't publicly visible to other people. When you go to your house and close the door, nobody sees what you're doing inside."

๐Ÿ“ "์‚ฌ์‹ค ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”. ์‚ถ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์œผ๋ฉด ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชป ๋ด์š”."

๐Ÿ“– "Nobody really cares about..."
Nobody + ๊ธ์ • ๋™์‚ฌ = ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ~ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. publicly visible = ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
Rand[4:16]

"I think it's not that people didn't want it in blockchain. It's that they didn't really have much of an option."

๐Ÿ“ "๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”. ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ."

๐Ÿ“– "It's not that A, it's that B"
๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ: A๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ B์ด๋‹ค. ์˜คํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์žก์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ. have much of an option = ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค
Rand[4:18]

"And for a long time, you know, we were told that having anonymous addresses was enough. Clearly, this is no longer true. You go on a website like Arkham, you type your name, you'll see everything that people can find about you on chain."

๐Ÿ“ "์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ต๋ช… ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ด๊ฑด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”. Arkham ๊ฐ™์€ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์น˜๋ฉด ์˜จ์ฒด์ธ์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”."

๐Ÿ“– "we were told that..."
์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ + that์ ˆ: ~๋ผ๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. no longer = ๋” ์ด์ƒ ~์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. anonymous = ์ต๋ช…์˜
Rand[4:18]

"Like, that's really scary, man. Like, you know, I mean, I come from France, a country where we had 10 crypto kidnappings."

๐Ÿ“ "์ •๋ง ๋ฌด์„ญ์ฃ . ์ €๋Š” ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”ํ ๋‚ฉ์น˜๊ฐ€ 10๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ธ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์—์„œ ์™”์–ด์š”."

๐Ÿ“– "I come from X, a country where..."
๋™๊ฒฉ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ: X๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฐ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” "a country where..." ์ถ”๊ฐ€. kidnapping = ๋‚ฉ์น˜
Rand[4:18]

"I think we're getting now to an inflection point where privacy is no longer something that people can afford not to have on blockchains because the amount and volume of assets are such that we need to start taking this seriously."

๐Ÿ“ "์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณ€๊ณก์ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”. ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ปค์ ธ์„œ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋์–ด์š”."

๐Ÿ“– "an inflection point where..."
inflection point = ๋ณ€๊ณก์ , ์ „ํ™˜์ . can't afford not to = ~ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค (ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค). take seriously = ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋‹ค
Rand[4:18]

"And of course, you know, finance moving on chain, like there's just no way, there's just no way that a bank is going to use stable coins for bank accounts if your neighbor can see your bank account."

๐Ÿ“ "๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ธˆ์œต์ด ์˜จ์ฒด์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด์›ƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์€ํ–‰ ๊ณ„์ขŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์€ํ–‰์ด ์Šคํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์ฝ”์ธ์„ ์€ํ–‰ ๊ณ„์ขŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์–ด์š”."

๐Ÿ“– "there's just no way that..."
๊ฐ•์กฐ ๋ถ€์ •: ~ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ํ‘œํ˜„. stable coins = ์Šคํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์ฝ”์ธ
Rand[5:23]

"I think a good example to illustrate how quickly the mentality can shift around that. If you remember, before Telegram, before Signal, we didn't have any encryption in messages."

๐Ÿ“ "๊ทธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ…”๋ ˆ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ด์ „, ์‹œ๊ทธ๋„ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์— ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”."

๐Ÿ“– "a good example to illustrate..."
to๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์  ์šฉ๋ฒ•: ~๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ. mentality = ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹ shift = ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค
Rand[5:23]

"And then Telegram came about around about the time of Snowden made the revelations in 2013."

๐Ÿ“ "๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2013๋…„ ์Šค๋…ธ๋“ ์ด ํญ๋กœํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ฏค ํ…”๋ ˆ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋‚˜์™”์–ด์š”."

๐Ÿ“– "came about"
come about = ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค, ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค. revelations = ํญ๋กœ
Rand[5:23]

"And now it would be unthinkable to use a messaging app that isn't encrypted."

๐Ÿ“ "์ด์ œ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง• ์•ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋์–ด์š”."

๐Ÿ“– "It would be unthinkable to..."
๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•: ~ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. unthinkable = ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
Rand[6:09]

"But nobody asked for it. SMS text messages have existed since the 80s. Nobody was asking for privacy until people realized, oh, I can have the exact same service, but private. Why would I not do that?"

๐Ÿ“ "ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”. SMS ๋ฌธ์ž ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋Š” 80๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ . ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด '๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ธ๋ฐ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น—ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„ค. ์™œ ์•ˆ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์–ด?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”."

๐Ÿ“– "Why would I not do that?"
์ˆ˜์‚ฌ์  ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ: ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‰˜์•™์Šค. "์•ˆ ํ•  ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์–ด?"

๐Ÿ“š End of Part 1/3 - Continues with Privacy vs Confidentiality discussion...